Endorsements
     
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      Independent assessment of Aspertico+ as a bactericidal and virucidal antiseptic
By Professor Curtis G Gemmell (July 2007)
     
             
             
      The assessment by Professor Gemmell was in the name of Aspertico, subsequently changed to UniSafe+.      
             
             
     

Problem being addressed

The increased incidence of hospital acquired infection (HAI) has focussed increased attention to the rigorous implementation of a variety of intervention strategies, which either individually or in combination as a “bundle”, will lead to a significant reduction in HAI. For this reason it is difficult to attribute any one measure as being more important than any other in reducing the incidence of HAI. However it is recognised that effective and frequent hand washing does prevent cross-infection with Staphylococcus aureus and a reduction of contamination of formitis. In addition the healthcare environment is important in the transmission of faecal/oral infections much as those caused by Clostridium difficile and Norovirus. Taken together these pathogens contribute enormously to the incidence of HAI and any intervention that is able to reduce their levels is likely to have an impact on HAI. An effective disinfectant/antiseptic capable of killing effectively these pathogens is likely to become a valuable part of infection control.

     
             
             
             
     

Attributes of Aspertico+

The formulation of Aspertico is based on a quaternary ammonium compound active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Its activity as a biocide is enhanced by the inclusion of two surface-active agents and a cation-scavenging agent. This combination is synergistic i.e. the combination is much more active than that of the individual components either alone or added together.  The combination is able to kill both bacteria and viruses.
The list of susceptible bacteria and viruses is:

     
             
             
             
     

The list of susceptible bacteria and viruses is:

Bacteria   Viruses
Staphylococcus aureus   Norovirus (Canine felicivirus as surrogate)

Escherichia coli   Hepatitis C virus
(Bovine viral diarrhoea virus as surrogate)
Enterococcus hirae    
Enterococcus faecalis
(vancomycin resistant)
   
Pseudomonas aerginosa    
Clostridium difficile    
Mycobacterium sp    
Candidia albicans    
Aspergillus niger    
     
             
             
             
     

In each case Aspertico has been evaluated according to EN 1040 (bacteria) or EN 1650 (fungi and yeasts) or EN 13704 and EN 1276. For EN1040 viability of the test organism was reduced by at least 5 logs in contact with Aspertico (20% v/v) for 5 minutes at 20°C in the presence of bovine albumin. For EN 1650 viability of the test organism was reduced by 4 logs in contact with Aspertico (20% v/v) in 5 minutes at 20°C in the presence of bovine albumin. For EN 1276 viability of various test organisms (Esch.coli, Staph.aureus and Enterococcus hirae) was reduced by at least 5 logs in contact with Aspertico over a range of concentrations (20-80% v/v). For EN 13704 viability of spores of Bacillus subtilis was reduced by at least 3 logs in contact with Aspertico (20-80% v/v) in 5 minutes at 20°C.  The reductions in bacterial and viral viability are significant and will under both clean and dirty conditions effectively reduce the chances of exposure to these micro-organisms leading to infection. Use of Aspertico by healthcare staff will also reduce the incidence of transfer of infection between patients.

     
             
             
             
     

Aspertico is biocidal even at concentrations as low as 1% v/v and whilst the development of resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds is present in several causative agents of HAI (Staph.aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) the possibility of using Aspertico at concentration >1% without causing any side effects (skin sensitisation, irritancy) could prevent the emergence of resistance during use of the product.

Some attempt has been made to determine which components contribute most to the active formulation of Aspertico whilst retaining its eco-friendly and safety profile. The main advantages of Aspertico is that it is water-based, biodegradable , non corrosive and safe with no adverse effects on the user. Virucidal activity is provided by the inclusion of metasilicate with some enhacement by NTA (a cation scavenger). The quaternary ammonium compounds provide strong antibacterial activity enhanced somewhat by the inclusion of a surface active agent. The following table illustrates the contribution made by each component.

     
             
     
COMPONENT(S)   ACTIVITY   VERSUS
    E.coli   Poliovirus
NTA   -   -
Metasilicate   -   +
NTA + Metasilicate   +   ++
Surfactant + quaternary        
Ammonium compound   ++   -
Surfactant + quaternary ammonium        
Compound + metasilicate +NTA   ++   ++
Legend:
- No biocidal activity
+ Intermediate biocidal activity
++ Biocidal activity
   
     
             
      The extensive laboratory studies conducted by BluScientific Ltd based in Glasgow Caledonian University have formed the basis of these conclusions.      
             
      Professor Curtis G. Gemmell, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation
Department of Bacteriology, University of Glasgow July 2007
     
             
 
     

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